When a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurs without apparent causes (unprovoked venous thromboembolism, VTE), a question often arises: could there be a hidden tumour? The scientific community has long debated the value of searching for it through extensive diagnostic testing. Two new studies, one of which was presented at the 2026 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) Congress, highlight the importance of an “individualized” diagnostic pathway guided by clinical judgment. But there are many new developments brewing—from risk scores to proteomics to liquid biopsy—to help identify which patients truly warrant further diagnostic investigations.

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